WASHINGTON (AP) 鈥� The Associated Press surveyed more than 1,000 Jewish adults in the U.S. to better understand their views on Israel’s military actions in Gaza, their opinions of the political parties and their experiences with prejudice in the United States.
The survey of 1,022 Jewish adults 鈥� including people who identify as Jewish by religion and religiously unaffiliated people who identify as Jewish through culture, ethnicity or family background 鈥� offers a rare detailed accounting of a key demographic that sits at the very center of some of the nation鈥檚 most divisive political debates.
Here are five takeaways from the AP-NORC survey:
Jewish adults have complicated views about Israel and the war in Gaza
Among Jews with a religious affiliation, are far from uniform or uncritical.
About 7 in 10 Jewish adults overall identify as Jewish when asked about their religious affiliation. The rest, about 3 in 10 Jewish adults, say they are atheists, agnostics, or have no particular religious affiliation, but still identify as Jewish in other ways.
While about 8 in 10 of those with a religious affiliation say Israel鈥檚 immediate military response to Hamas鈥� attack on October 7 was 鈥渏ustified,鈥� only about half say Israel鈥檚 ongoing military operations in Gaza are justified. Among Jewish adults without a religious affiliation, only about half saw Israel’s immediate response as justifiable. Now, only about 2 in 10 say the ongoing military operations are acceptable.
About one-quarter of Jewish adults with a religious association believe Israel has committed genocide against Palestinians in Gaza, an accusation that鈥檚 by some major human rights organizations and a team of independent experts commissioned by the United Nations. That accusation has been vehemently denied by Israel and the U.S. government. Roughly 4 in 10 Jewish adults without a religious affiliation say Israel has committed genocide.
Many Jewish adults feel unsafe in the United States
About 6 in 10 Jewish adults say prejudice in the United States today.
About one-third of Jewish adults say they feel 鈥渧ery鈥� or 鈥渟omewhat鈥� safe as a Jewish person in the U.S. today, while about one-third feel 鈥渧ery鈥� or 鈥渟omewhat鈥� unsafe. The remaining roughly 3 in 10 say they feel neither safe nor unsafe.
A significant share of Jewish adults, about 3 in 10, say they or someone in their household has experienced physical assault, verbal abuse, online harassment or damaged property because of their Jewish background over the last year, according to the survey.
The survey points to how Jewish adults鈥� attitudes toward their own personal safety have changed over a relatively short period as more Americans became critical of the United States鈥� close alliance with Israel and the war in Gaza. The poll found that Jewish adults who feel a close emotional tie to Israel are particularly likely to feel unsafe in the country today.
Most American Jews don鈥檛 feel politicians are supporting Jewish people
Few Jewish adults 鈥� or the Democratic or Republican parties 鈥� are doing a good job supporting Jewish people in the U.S.
Only about 2 in 10 Jewish adults say Trump supports Jewish people in this country 鈥渆xtremely鈥� or 鈥渧ery鈥� well. That鈥檚 similar to the slight share who find the Republican Party and the Democratic Party highly supportive, but Jewish adults are more likely to say the Democratic Party is at least 鈥渟omewhat鈥� supportive.
Americans overall are more likely than Jewish adults to see Trump as 鈥渆xtremely鈥� or 鈥渧ery鈥� supportive of Jewish people in the United States. About 3 in 10 U.S. adults say Trump is highly supportive of Jewish people, compared to about 2 in 10 Jewish adults.
The poll also found most Jewish adults have negative views of Trump. About 7 in 10 Jewish adults have a 鈥渧ery鈥� or 鈥渟omewhat鈥� unfavorable opinion of Trump, compared to about 3 in 10 who have a favorable view.
Jewish adults are divided over whether protesting Israel is a form of antisemitism
Protests around events conducted in support of Israel in Gaza.
The war in Gaza began with Hamas鈥� Oct. 7, 2023, attack on Israel that killed roughly 1,200 people, most of them civilians. Israel responded with a yearslong counterattack that killed more than 73,000 people, according to the Gaza Health Ministry, which is part of the territory’s Hamas-run government. Its casualty figures are viewed as generally reliable by U.N. agencies and international organizations but don鈥檛 distinguish between civilians and militants.
The poll found that about half of Jewish adults say protesting an event that is supportive of Israel is not a form of antisemitism, but roughly 4 in 10 say it is. About 1 in 10 are uncertain.
Jewish adults are more unified in deeming some actions as definitively antisemitic. The overwhelming majority say vandalizing synagogues or Jewish-owned businesses because of Israel鈥檚 actions is antisemitism. The same goes for denying the reality or scope of the Holocaust, putting responsibility for Israel鈥檚 actions on Jewish people in the United States or saying Israel shouldn鈥檛 exist as a Jewish state.
Support for Israel is less of a priority for younger Jewish adults
Support for Israel is a in the United States, but younger Jewish adults appear less likely to prioritize it.
About half of older religious Jewish adults 鈥� those 45 and older 鈥� say that supporting Israel is 鈥渆xtremely鈥� or 鈥渧ery鈥� important for their Jewish identity. By contrast, only about 4 in 10 younger religious Jewish adults emphasize support for Israel.
Younger Jewish adults are more likely to prioritize other forms of connection, like . About 7 in 10 Jewish adults under 45 say celebrating Jewish holidays is at least 鈥渧ery鈥� important to their Jewish identity, compared to about half of older Jewish adults.
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